We all are familiar with the word "Robot." At least in this age, children know what a robot is. Not only that, toys of today's children are also a robot. A robot is a mechanical system, which is a synthetic function. The word robot came from the Czech word "Robota" which means "forced labor". This machine is now using people as a complementary one.
Now the question is, what is the relation of a robot with Arduino? Did the question arise?
Arduino is a computer software and hardware company or community that designs and manufactures microcontroller and microcontroller kits for robots as well as other digital devices.
The name "Arduino" came from the name of a bar of Ivrea, Italy, where some of the founders of this project used to meet. Nowadays this it is the most favorite tool of modern roboticists. Before starting with an Arduino microcontroller, one should know the variety of the Arduinos. Some entry level Arduinos are:
UNO
LEONARDO
101
ROBOT
ESPLORA
MICRO
NANO
MINI
MKR2UNO ADAPTER
STARTER KIT
BASIC KIT
LCD SCREEN
These Arduinos are easy to use and ready to power one's first robot. These boards are the best to start learning and to code your bots through the microcontrollers.
These were about the hardware. Now let's come to the Arduino software. Each of these boards is programmable with the Arduino IDE. This is a cross-platform application written in the programming language, Java. C and C++ are also supported in this IDE with special rules. A program written in Arduino IDE is called a sketch. These sketches are saved as the text files with the file extensions .ino and .pde. A minimal Arduino sketch consists of two functions. They are: setup(), loop().
Now I will tell you about the most interesting Arduino, that is Arduino ROBOT.
Arduino ROBOT is the first Arduino on wheels. It consists of two boards and each of the boards has a microcontroller. That means in ROBOT, there are a total of two microcontrollers. One of them is the motor board, which controls the motors and the other one is the control board, which controls the sensors and decides the operations. It is also programmable with Arduino IDE. Both the microcontroller boards are based on ATmega32u4 which is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. The ROBOT is similar to the LEONARDO.
As a beginner in robotics, Arduino is the most helpful tool you'll get around.
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